Wooldridge Source: Freeman, D.G. (2007), “Drunk Driving Legislation and Traffic Fatalities: New Evidence on BAC 08 Laws,” Contemporary Economic Policy 25, 293–308. Professor Freeman kindly provided the data. Data loads lazily.
data('driving')A data.frame with 1200 observations on 56 variables:
year: 1980 through 2004
state: 48 continental states, alphabetical
sl55: speed limit == 55
sl65: speed limit == 65
sl70: speed limit == 70
sl75: speed limit == 75
slnone: no speed limit
seatbelt: =0 if none, =1 if primary, =2 if secondary
minage: minimum drinking age
zerotol: zero tolerance law
gdl: graduated drivers license law
bac10: blood alcohol limit .10
bac08: blood alcohol limit .08
perse: administrative license revocation (per se law)
totfat: total traffic fatalities
nghtfat: total nighttime fatalities
wkndfat: total weekend fatalities
totfatpvm: total fatalities per 100 million miles
nghtfatpvm: nighttime fatalities per 100 million miles
wkndfatpvm: weekend fatalities per 100 million miles
statepop: state population
totfatrte: total fatalities per 100,000 population
nghtfatrte: nighttime fatalities per 100,000 population
wkndfatrte: weekend accidents per 100,000 population
vehicmiles: vehicle miles traveled, billions
unem: unemployment rate, percent
perc14_24: percent population aged 14 through 24
sl70plus: sl70 + sl75 + slnone
sbprim: =1 if primary seatbelt law
sbsecon: =1 if secondary seatbelt law
d80: =1 if year == 1980
d81:
d82:
d83:
d84:
d85:
d86:
d87:
d88:
d89:
d90:
d91:
d92:
d93:
d94:
d95:
d96:
d97:
d98:
d99:
d00:
d01:
d02:
d03:
d04: =1 if year == 2004
vehicmilespc:
https://www.cengage.com/cgi-wadsworth/course_products_wp.pl?fid=M20b&product_isbn_issn=9781111531041
Several more years of data are available and may further shed light on the effectiveness of several traffic laws.
Used in Text: not used, but see page 695
str(driving)
#> 'data.frame': 1200 obs. of 56 variables:
#> $ year : int 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 ...
#> $ state : int 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
#> $ sl55 : num 1 1 1 1 1 ...
#> $ sl65 : num 0 0 0 0 0 ...
#> $ sl70 : num 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
#> $ sl75 : num 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
#> $ slnone : num 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
#> $ seatbelt : int 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
#> $ minage : num 18 18 18 18 18 20 21 21 21 21 ...
#> $ zerotol : num 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
#> $ gdl : num 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
#> $ bac10 : num 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
#> $ bac08 : num 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
#> $ perse : num 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
#> $ totfat : int 940 933 839 930 932 882 1080 1111 1024 1029 ...
#> $ nghtfat : int 422 434 376 397 421 358 500 499 423 418 ...
#> $ wkndfat : int 236 248 224 223 237 224 279 300 226 247 ...
#> $ totfatpvm : num 3.2 3.35 2.81 3 2.83 ...
#> $ nghtfatpvm : num 1.44 1.56 1.26 1.28 1.28 ...
#> $ wkndfatpvm : num 0.803 0.89 0.75 0.719 0.72 ...
#> $ statepop : int 3893888 3918520 3925218 3934109 3951834 3972527 3991569 4015261 4023858 4030229 ...
#> $ totfatrte : num 24.1 24.1 21.4 23.6 23.6 ...
#> $ nghtfatrte : num 10.84 11.08 9.58 10.09 10.65 ...
#> $ wkndfatrte : num 6.06 6.33 5.71 5.67 6 ...
#> $ vehicmiles : num 29.4 27.9 29.9 31 32.9 ...
#> $ unem : num 8.8 10.7 14.4 13.7 11.1 ...
#> $ perc14_24 : num 18.9 18.7 18.4 18 17.6 ...
#> $ sl70plus : num 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
#> $ sbprim : int 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
#> $ sbsecon : int 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
#> $ d80 : int 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
#> $ d81 : int 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
#> $ d82 : int 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
#> $ d83 : int 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
#> $ d84 : int 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 ...
#> $ d85 : int 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 ...
#> $ d86 : int 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 ...
#> $ d87 : int 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 ...
#> $ d88 : int 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 ...
#> $ d89 : int 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 ...
#> $ d90 : int 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
#> $ d91 : int 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
#> $ d92 : int 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
#> $ d93 : int 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
#> $ d94 : int 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
#> $ d95 : int 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
#> $ d96 : int 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
#> $ d97 : int 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
#> $ d98 : int 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
#> $ d99 : int 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
#> $ d00 : int 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
#> $ d01 : int 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
#> $ d02 : int 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
#> $ d03 : int 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
#> $ d04 : int 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
#> $ vehicmilespc: num 7544 7108 7607 7880 8334 ...
#> - attr(*, "time.stamp")= chr "22 Jan 2013 14:09"